A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_URI::$config is deprecated

Filename: core/URI.php

Line Number: 101

Backtrace:

File: /home/journals.seagullpublications.com/public_html/ijeer/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Router::$uri is deprecated

Filename: core/Router.php

Line Number: 127

Backtrace:

File: /home/journals.seagullpublications.com/public_html/ijeer/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Portal::$benchmark is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 75

Backtrace:

File: /home/journals.seagullpublications.com/public_html/ijeer/apps/controllers/Portal.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home/journals.seagullpublications.com/public_html/ijeer/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Portal::$hooks is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 75

Backtrace:

File: /home/journals.seagullpublications.com/public_html/ijeer/apps/controllers/Portal.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home/journals.seagullpublications.com/public_html/ijeer/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Portal::$config is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 75

Backtrace:

File: /home/journals.seagullpublications.com/public_html/ijeer/apps/controllers/Portal.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home/journals.seagullpublications.com/public_html/ijeer/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Portal::$log is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 75

Backtrace:

File: /home/journals.seagullpublications.com/public_html/ijeer/apps/controllers/Portal.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home/journals.seagullpublications.com/public_html/ijeer/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Portal::$utf8 is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 75

Backtrace:

File: /home/journals.seagullpublications.com/public_html/ijeer/apps/controllers/Portal.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home/journals.seagullpublications.com/public_html/ijeer/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Portal::$uri is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 75

Backtrace:

File: /home/journals.seagullpublications.com/public_html/ijeer/apps/controllers/Portal.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home/journals.seagullpublications.com/public_html/ijeer/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Portal::$exceptions is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 75

Backtrace:

File: /home/journals.seagullpublications.com/public_html/ijeer/apps/controllers/Portal.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home/journals.seagullpublications.com/public_html/ijeer/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Portal::$router is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 75

Backtrace:

File: /home/journals.seagullpublications.com/public_html/ijeer/apps/controllers/Portal.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home/journals.seagullpublications.com/public_html/ijeer/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Portal::$output is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 75

Backtrace:

File: /home/journals.seagullpublications.com/public_html/ijeer/apps/controllers/Portal.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home/journals.seagullpublications.com/public_html/ijeer/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Portal::$security is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 75

Backtrace:

File: /home/journals.seagullpublications.com/public_html/ijeer/apps/controllers/Portal.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home/journals.seagullpublications.com/public_html/ijeer/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Portal::$input is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 75

Backtrace:

File: /home/journals.seagullpublications.com/public_html/ijeer/apps/controllers/Portal.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home/journals.seagullpublications.com/public_html/ijeer/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Portal::$lang is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 75

Backtrace:

File: /home/journals.seagullpublications.com/public_html/ijeer/apps/controllers/Portal.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home/journals.seagullpublications.com/public_html/ijeer/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Portal::$load is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 78

Backtrace:

File: /home/journals.seagullpublications.com/public_html/ijeer/apps/controllers/Portal.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home/journals.seagullpublications.com/public_html/ijeer/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Portal::$db is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 390

Backtrace:

File: /home/journals.seagullpublications.com/public_html/ijeer/apps/controllers/Portal.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home/journals.seagullpublications.com/public_html/ijeer/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_DB_mysqli_driver::$failover is deprecated

Filename: database/DB_driver.php

Line Number: 371

Backtrace:

File: /home/journals.seagullpublications.com/public_html/ijeer/apps/controllers/Portal.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home/journals.seagullpublications.com/public_html/ijeer/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Return type of CI_Session_database_driver::open($save_path, $name) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::open(string $path, string $name): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice

Filename: drivers/Session_database_driver.php

Line Number: 129

Backtrace:

File: /home/journals.seagullpublications.com/public_html/ijeer/apps/controllers/Portal.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home/journals.seagullpublications.com/public_html/ijeer/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Return type of CI_Session_database_driver::close() should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::close(): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice

Filename: drivers/Session_database_driver.php

Line Number: 278

Backtrace:

File: /home/journals.seagullpublications.com/public_html/ijeer/apps/controllers/Portal.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home/journals.seagullpublications.com/public_html/ijeer/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Return type of CI_Session_database_driver::read($session_id) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::read(string $id): string|false, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice

Filename: drivers/Session_database_driver.php

Line Number: 149

Backtrace:

File: /home/journals.seagullpublications.com/public_html/ijeer/apps/controllers/Portal.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home/journals.seagullpublications.com/public_html/ijeer/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Return type of CI_Session_database_driver::write($session_id, $session_data) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::write(string $id, string $data): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice

Filename: drivers/Session_database_driver.php

Line Number: 206

Backtrace:

File: /home/journals.seagullpublications.com/public_html/ijeer/apps/controllers/Portal.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home/journals.seagullpublications.com/public_html/ijeer/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Return type of CI_Session_database_driver::destroy($session_id) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::destroy(string $id): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice

Filename: drivers/Session_database_driver.php

Line Number: 295

Backtrace:

File: /home/journals.seagullpublications.com/public_html/ijeer/apps/controllers/Portal.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home/journals.seagullpublications.com/public_html/ijeer/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Return type of CI_Session_database_driver::gc($maxlifetime) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::gc(int $max_lifetime): int|false, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice

Filename: drivers/Session_database_driver.php

Line Number: 333

Backtrace:

File: /home/journals.seagullpublications.com/public_html/ijeer/apps/controllers/Portal.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home/journals.seagullpublications.com/public_html/ijeer/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 284

Backtrace:

File: /home/journals.seagullpublications.com/public_html/ijeer/apps/controllers/Portal.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home/journals.seagullpublications.com/public_html/ijeer/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: session_set_cookie_params(): Session cookie parameters cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 291

Backtrace:

File: /home/journals.seagullpublications.com/public_html/ijeer/apps/controllers/Portal.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home/journals.seagullpublications.com/public_html/ijeer/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 306

Backtrace:

File: /home/journals.seagullpublications.com/public_html/ijeer/apps/controllers/Portal.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home/journals.seagullpublications.com/public_html/ijeer/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 316

Backtrace:

File: /home/journals.seagullpublications.com/public_html/ijeer/apps/controllers/Portal.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home/journals.seagullpublications.com/public_html/ijeer/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 317

Backtrace:

File: /home/journals.seagullpublications.com/public_html/ijeer/apps/controllers/Portal.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home/journals.seagullpublications.com/public_html/ijeer/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 318

Backtrace:

File: /home/journals.seagullpublications.com/public_html/ijeer/apps/controllers/Portal.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home/journals.seagullpublications.com/public_html/ijeer/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 319

Backtrace:

File: /home/journals.seagullpublications.com/public_html/ijeer/apps/controllers/Portal.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home/journals.seagullpublications.com/public_html/ijeer/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 377

Backtrace:

File: /home/journals.seagullpublications.com/public_html/ijeer/apps/controllers/Portal.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home/journals.seagullpublications.com/public_html/ijeer/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: session_set_save_handler(): Session save handler cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 110

Backtrace:

File: /home/journals.seagullpublications.com/public_html/ijeer/apps/controllers/Portal.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home/journals.seagullpublications.com/public_html/ijeer/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: session_start(): Session cannot be started after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 143

Backtrace:

File: /home/journals.seagullpublications.com/public_html/ijeer/apps/controllers/Portal.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home/journals.seagullpublications.com/public_html/ijeer/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Portal::$session is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 1290

Backtrace:

File: /home/journals.seagullpublications.com/public_html/ijeer/apps/controllers/Portal.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home/journals.seagullpublications.com/public_html/ijeer/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Portal::$Mdb is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 353

Backtrace:

File: /home/journals.seagullpublications.com/public_html/ijeer/apps/controllers/Portal.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home/journals.seagullpublications.com/public_html/ijeer/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$benchmark is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 925

Backtrace:

File: /home/journals.seagullpublications.com/public_html/ijeer/apps/controllers/Portal.php
Line: 327
Function: view

File: /home/journals.seagullpublications.com/public_html/ijeer/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$hooks is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 925

Backtrace:

File: /home/journals.seagullpublications.com/public_html/ijeer/apps/controllers/Portal.php
Line: 327
Function: view

File: /home/journals.seagullpublications.com/public_html/ijeer/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$config is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 925

Backtrace:

File: /home/journals.seagullpublications.com/public_html/ijeer/apps/controllers/Portal.php
Line: 327
Function: view

File: /home/journals.seagullpublications.com/public_html/ijeer/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$log is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 925

Backtrace:

File: /home/journals.seagullpublications.com/public_html/ijeer/apps/controllers/Portal.php
Line: 327
Function: view

File: /home/journals.seagullpublications.com/public_html/ijeer/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$utf8 is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 925

Backtrace:

File: /home/journals.seagullpublications.com/public_html/ijeer/apps/controllers/Portal.php
Line: 327
Function: view

File: /home/journals.seagullpublications.com/public_html/ijeer/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$uri is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 925

Backtrace:

File: /home/journals.seagullpublications.com/public_html/ijeer/apps/controllers/Portal.php
Line: 327
Function: view

File: /home/journals.seagullpublications.com/public_html/ijeer/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$exceptions is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 925

Backtrace:

File: /home/journals.seagullpublications.com/public_html/ijeer/apps/controllers/Portal.php
Line: 327
Function: view

File: /home/journals.seagullpublications.com/public_html/ijeer/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$router is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 925

Backtrace:

File: /home/journals.seagullpublications.com/public_html/ijeer/apps/controllers/Portal.php
Line: 327
Function: view

File: /home/journals.seagullpublications.com/public_html/ijeer/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$output is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 925

Backtrace:

File: /home/journals.seagullpublications.com/public_html/ijeer/apps/controllers/Portal.php
Line: 327
Function: view

File: /home/journals.seagullpublications.com/public_html/ijeer/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$security is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 925

Backtrace:

File: /home/journals.seagullpublications.com/public_html/ijeer/apps/controllers/Portal.php
Line: 327
Function: view

File: /home/journals.seagullpublications.com/public_html/ijeer/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$input is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 925

Backtrace:

File: /home/journals.seagullpublications.com/public_html/ijeer/apps/controllers/Portal.php
Line: 327
Function: view

File: /home/journals.seagullpublications.com/public_html/ijeer/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$lang is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 925

Backtrace:

File: /home/journals.seagullpublications.com/public_html/ijeer/apps/controllers/Portal.php
Line: 327
Function: view

File: /home/journals.seagullpublications.com/public_html/ijeer/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$load is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 925

Backtrace:

File: /home/journals.seagullpublications.com/public_html/ijeer/apps/controllers/Portal.php
Line: 327
Function: view

File: /home/journals.seagullpublications.com/public_html/ijeer/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$db is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 925

Backtrace:

File: /home/journals.seagullpublications.com/public_html/ijeer/apps/controllers/Portal.php
Line: 327
Function: view

File: /home/journals.seagullpublications.com/public_html/ijeer/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$session is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 925

Backtrace:

File: /home/journals.seagullpublications.com/public_html/ijeer/apps/controllers/Portal.php
Line: 327
Function: view

File: /home/journals.seagullpublications.com/public_html/ijeer/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$Mdb is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 925

Backtrace:

File: /home/journals.seagullpublications.com/public_html/ijeer/apps/controllers/Portal.php
Line: 327
Function: view

File: /home/journals.seagullpublications.com/public_html/ijeer/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

Article Seagull Publications | International Journal for Empirical Education and Research
Submission Open for IJEER Volume-3, Number-10, October 2019 | Submission Deadline- 20 October, 2019

International Journal for Empirical Education and Research

Early Researchers and Development of Cultural Sociology

Author: Maria M. Goodson | Published on: 2017-09-30 21:27:29   Page: 11-22   1277

Abstract
Culture is the social behavior and norms found in human societies. Culture is considered a central concept in anthropology, encompassing the range of phenomena that are transmitted through social learning in human societies. Cultural universals are found in all human societies; these include expressive forms like art, music, dance, ritual, religion, and technologies like tool usage, cooking, shelter, and clothing. The concept of material culture covers the physical expressions of culture, such as technology, architecture and art, whereas the immaterial aspects of culture such as principles of social organization (including practices of political organization and social institutions), mythology, philosophy, literature (both written and oral), and science comprise the intangible cultural heritage of a society.

Keywords
Cultural Change; Early Modern Discourses; Development of Cultural Sociology.

Cite this Article

×

Goodson, M., M. (2017), Early Researchers and Development of Cultural Sociology. International Journal For Empirical Education and Research, 1(1), 11-22.

  • Download Citation
  • ×

    Goodson, M., M. (2017) "Early Researchers and Development of Cultural Sociology", International Journal For Empirical Education and Research, 1(1), pp.11-22.

  • Download Citation
  • ×

    Goodson, M., M.. Early Researchers and Development of Cultural Sociology. International Journal For Empirical Education and Research. 2017; 1(1): 11-22.

  • Download Citation
  • ×

    Appeared

    ×

    Appeared

    ×

    Goodson, M., M.. Early Researchers and Development of Cultural Sociology. International Journal For Empirical Education and Research. 2017; 1(1): 11-22.

  • Download Citation
  • ×

    Goodson, M., M.. Early Researchers and Development of Cultural Sociology. International Journal For Empirical Education and Research. 2017; 1(1): 11-22.

  • Download Citation

  • Reference

    1. Macionis, John J; Gerber, Linda Marie (2011). Sociology. Toronto: Pearson Prentice Hall. p. 53. ISBN 978-0-13-700161-3. OCLC 652430995. Archived from the original on August 18, 2017. Retrieved May 29, 2017.
    2. Cicéron, Marcus Tullius Cicero; Bouhier, Jean (1812). Tusculanes (in French). Nismes: J. Gaude. p. 273. OCLC 457735057.
    3. Velkley, Richard L (2002). "The Tension in the Beautiful: On Culture and Civilization in Rousseau and German Philosophy". Being after Rousseau: philosophy and culture in question. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 11–30. ISBN 978-0-226-85256-0. OCLC 47930775.
    4. Sorrells, Kathryn (2015). Intercultural Communication: Globalization and Social Justice. Los Angeles: Sage. ISBN 978-1-4129-2744-4.
    5. James, Paul; Magee, Liam; Scerri, Andy; Steger, Manfred (2015). Urban Sustainability in Theory and Practice: Circles of Sustainability. London: Routledge. p. 53. ISBN 978-1-138-02572-1. OCLC 942553107. Archived from the original on June 26, 2017. Retrieved May 29, 2017.
    1. 6."Meaning of "culture"". Cambridge English Dictionary. Archived from the original on August 15, 2015. Retrieved July 26, 2015.
    1. Pyszczynski, Tom; Solomon, Sheldon; Greenberg, Jeff (2015). Thirty Years of Terror Management Theory. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology. 52. pp. 1–70. doi:10.1016/bs.aesp.2015.03.001. ISBN 978-0-12-802247-4. Archived from the original on September 15, 2017. Retrieved May 29, 2017.
    2. Greenberg, Jeff; Koole, Sander L.; Pyszczynski, Tom (2013). Handbook of Experimental Existential Psychology. Guilford Publications. ISBN 978-1-4625-1479-3.
    3. Lind, J.; Lindenfors, P.; Ghirlanda, S.; Lidén, K.; Enquist, M. (May 7, 2013). "Dating human cultural capacity using phylogenetic principles". Scientific Reports. 3 (1): 1785. doi:10.1038/srep01785. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 3646280. PMID 23648831. Archived from the original on October 2, 2016.
    4. Panikkar, Raimon (1991). Pathil, Kuncheria, ed. Religious Pluralism: An Indian Christian Perspective. ISPCK. pp. 252–99. ISBN 978-81-7214-005-2. OCLC 25410539.
    5. Rein, Raud (2016-08-29). Meaning in Action: Outline of an Integral Theory of Culture. Cambridge: Polity. ISBN 978-1-5095-1124-2. OCLC 944339574.
    6. Chigbu, Uchendu Eugene (2015-07-03). "Repositioning culture for development: women and development in a Nigerian rural community". Community, Work & Family. 18 (3): 334–50. doi:10.1080/13668803.2014.981506. ISSN 1366-8803.
    7. O'Neil, Dennis (2006). "Culture Change: Processes of Change". Culture Change. Palomar College. Archived from the original on October 27, 2016. Retrieved October 29, 2016.
    8. Pringle, Heather (November 20, 1998). "The Slow Birth of Agriculture". Science 282 (5393): 1446. doi:10.1126/science.282.5393.1446. ISSN 0036-8075. Archived from the original on August 7, 2017. Retrieved May 29, 2017.
    9. Kant, Immanuel. 1784. "Answering the Question: What is Enlightenment?" (German: "Beantwortung der Frage: Was ist Aufklärung?") Berlinische Monatsschrift, December (Berlin Monthly)
    10. Eldridge, Michael. "The German Bildung Tradition". UNC Charlotte. Archived from the original on January 23, 2009. Retrieved May 29, 2017.
    11. Underhill, James W. (2009). Humboldt, Worldview, and Language. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
    12. Köpping, Klaus-Peter (2005). Adolf Bastian and the psychic unity of mankind. Lit Verlag. ISBN 978-3-8258-3989-5. OCLC 977343058.
    13. Ellis, Ian. "Biography of Adolf Bastian, ethnologist". Today in Science History. Archived from the original on August 6, 2017. Retrieved May 29, 2017.

    [This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited (CC BY 4.0).]

    Author Details


    Maria M. Goodson
    Institute of Geoecology and Geoinformation
    Adam Mickiewicz University
    mariagoodsonigg@yahoo.com